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This article "Socio-economic Aspects of European Union Migration Policy" is devoted to exploring the features, prerequisites and socio-economic factors that encourage developed EU countries to implement measures to attract third-country migrants. For this purpose, a brief overview of the geography of migration processes that took place in Europe from the time of the formation of the European Union to the time of its full functioning was carried out. Following the final formation of the Union in 1992, basic legal acts were adopted that outlined the general rules and procedures for migration, but each country resolves the main issues related to the economic aspects of migration. In 2015, one of the most important issues that will affect the future development of the EU was raised, namely the demographic crisis that affected almost all countries, and the importance of which began to be discussed at a high political level. Through numerous studies of the population and labor markets, it has emerged that the rate of natural increase of population in Europe is extremely low, and because of the increase in life expectancy of Europeans, the retirement age may exceed the economically active population in the near future, which will put a heavy strain on the pension, tax and social systems. The largest recipients of migrant workers in the EU Poland and Germany have long been aware of the need to respond to the growing demographic crisis and implement appropriate policies. Poland has undertaken a range of measures to minimize bureaucratic and permitting procedures for the employment of foreigners, and has introduced numerous economic incentives and benefits for migrants studying and working in Poland. As a result, millions of migrants support the Polish economy and the competitiveness of Polish businesses in European markets, and the contribution of migrants to GDP growth is highlighted by the country's leading economic institutions. Germany is pursuing a slightly different policy, but the adoption of the new migration law has proved that the country is already suffering from a shortage of manpower. Major forecasts from leading scientific institutions in the labor market indicate that Germany needs 200-400 thousand migrants annually to support economic growth. Although the analysis of the law shows that only skilled workers can obtain a work permit, but the situation may change in the near future, as the policy is prudent and gradually giving access to markets. General scientific methods were used in the article: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, statistical analysis. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу соціально-економічних аспектів міграційної політики країн Європейського Союзу. Розглянуто основні нормативно-правові документи, які регулюють міграційні питання на рівні ЄС, а також здійснено короткий екскурс щодо міграційних процесів, які відбувалися в Європі протягом 1950-х-2008 рр. Визначено основні передумови та потреби в проведенні політики по залученню трудових мігрантів, однією з яких є визнана на рівні ЄС демографічна криза, яка негативно впливатиме на подальший соціально-економічний розвиток Європейського Співтовариства. Здійснено аналіз законодавчих та економіко-організаційних заходів найбільших країн-реципієнтів трудових мігрантів в ЄС – Польщі та Німеччини.

This article "Socio-economic Aspects of European Union Migration Policy" is devoted to exploring the features, prerequisites and socio-economic factors that encourage developed EU countries to implement measures to attract third-country migrants. For this purpose, a brief overview of the geography of migration processes that took place in Europe from the time of the formation of the European Union to the time of its full functioning was carried out. Following the final formation of the Union in 1992, basic legal acts were adopted that outlined the general rules and procedures for migration, but each country resolves the main issues related to the economic aspects of migration. In 2015, one of the most important issues that will affect the future development of the EU was raised, namely the demographic crisis that affected almost all countries, and the importance of which began to be discussed at a high political level. Through numerous studies of the population and labor markets, it has emerged that the rate of natural increase of population in Europe is extremely low, and because of the increase in life expectancy of Europeans, the retirement age may exceed the economically active population in the near future, which will put a heavy strain on the pension, tax and social systems. The largest recipients of migrant workers in the EU Poland and Germany have long been aware of the need to respond to the growing demographic crisis and implement appropriate policies. Poland has undertaken a range of measures to minimize bureaucratic and permitting procedures for the employment of foreigners, and has introduced numerous economic incentives and benefits for migrants studying and working in Poland. As a result, millions of migrants support the Polish economy and the competitiveness of Polish businesses in European markets, and the contribution of migrants to GDP growth is highlighted by the country's leading economic institutions. Germany is pursuing a slightly different policy, but the adoption of the new migration law has proved that the country is already suffering from a shortage of manpower. Major forecasts from leading scientific institutions in the labor market indicate that Germany needs 200-400 thousand migrants annually to support economic growth. Although the analysis of the law shows that only skilled workers can obtain a work permit, but the situation may change in the near future, as the policy is prudent and gradually giving access to markets. General scientific methods were used in the article: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, statistical analysis. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу соціально-економічних аспектів міграційної політики країн Європейського Союзу. Розглянуто основні нормативно-правові документи, які регулюють міграційні питання на рівні ЄС, а також здійснено короткий екскурс щодо міграційних процесів, які відбувалися в Європі протягом 1950-х-2008 рр. Визначено основні передумови та потреби в проведенні політики по залученню трудових мігрантів, однією з яких є визнана на рівні ЄС демографічна криза, яка негативно впливатиме на подальший соціально-економічний розвиток Європейського Співтовариства. Здійснено аналіз законодавчих та економіко-організаційних заходів найбільших країн-реципієнтів трудових мігрантів в ЄС – Польщі та Німеччини.

This article is devoted to the study of external factors of Ukrainian labor migration to the countries of the European Union. For many decades, Ukraine has been one of the leaders among laborresources donors in the world, where migration tothe EU member states plays a significant role. The numerous internal factors that encourage Ukrainians to seek work abroad are exacerbated by external factors that are beginning to play a greater role, as globalization and the transformation of world economic processes change the nature and causes of migration. The publication explores the basic prerequisites for Ukrainian migration, namely geographical proximity, similarity of cultures, mentality and high professionalism, and their compliance with the basic laws of international migration.The main legal acts that regulate migration processes in the EU have also been analyzed. In order to characterize the current state and volume of legal migrantion in the EU, an analysis of Eurostat data was carried out, in particular the dynamics of the first residence permits and citizenships granted to third-country nationals by which we can see that Ukrainians are leaders among recipients, and the main purpose of the permits obtained is related to employment, education and family reunification. Poland, Germany and the United Kingdom remain unchanged leaders of migrant recipients, due to the population aging, demographic crisis, and internal economic causes. Lack of workforcein the labor markets can create significant economic losses for them: slowing GDP growth, reducing investment inflows, and reducing the competitiveness of countries on the world stage. The governments of these countries are very aware of the seriousness and importance of the problem, which is why the article focuses specifically on theEU migration legislation andmigration policies of Poland and Germany – the main recipient countries of migrant workers from Ukraine. The measures taken by Poland at the national level are a comprehensive, logical and consistent policy of filling the labor markets with workers which have already achieved results – 2 million Ukrainians are already working and living in Poland. Additional 1.4 million migrants are needed to ensure a stable economic growth in the future. Germany has long ago opened the door for migrant workers from all over the world, especially for the highly skilled ones, and with the adoption of the new migration law, which greatly facilitates workers' access to the German labor market, the flow of migrants will only increase. The German economy requires 400,000 migrants annually for its sustainable development, so simplified requirements are an appropriate step towards achieving this goal. Eastern Europe, and Ukraine in particular, remains and will remain the largest donor of human resources for them in the near future. ; Статтю присвячено дослідженню зовнішніх факторів української трудової міграції до країн Європейського Союзу, адже Україна тривалий час є основним донором робочої сили для європейських економік. Для того, щоб охарактеризувати сучасний стан та обсяги легальних мігрантів в ЄС, проаналізовано дані Євростату, зокрема динаміку виданих перших дозволів на перебування та громадянств країнами-членами громадянам третіх країн. Польща та Німеччина залишаються незмінними лідерами-реципієнтами трудових мігрантів, що обумовлено старінням населення, демографічною кризою та внутрішніми економічними причинами цих країн. Увагу приділено саме аналізу міграційної політики і міграційного законодавства Польщі та Німеччини – основних країн-реципієнтів трудових мігрантів з України.

This article is devoted to the study of external factors of Ukrainian labor migration to the countries of the European Union. For many decades, Ukraine has been one of the leaders among laborresources donors in the world, where migration tothe EU member states plays a significant role. The numerous internal factors that encourage Ukrainians to seek work abroad are exacerbated by external factors that are beginning to play a greater role, as globalization and the transformation of world economic processes change the nature and causes of migration. The publication explores the basic prerequisites for Ukrainian migration, namely geographical proximity, similarity of cultures, mentality and high professionalism, and their compliance with the basic laws of international migration.The main legal acts that regulate migration processes in the EU have also been analyzed. In order to characterize the current state and volume of legal migrantion in the EU, an analysis of Eurostat data was carried out, in particular the dynamics of the first residence permits and citizenships granted to third-country nationals by which we can see that Ukrainians are leaders among recipients, and the main purpose of the permits obtained is related to employment, education and family reunification. Poland, Germany and the United Kingdom remain unchanged leaders of migrant recipients, due to the population aging, demographic crisis, and internal economic causes. Lack of workforcein the labor markets can create significant economic losses for them: slowing GDP growth, reducing investment inflows, and reducing the competitiveness of countries on the world stage. The governments of these countries are very aware of the seriousness and importance of the problem, which is why the article focuses specifically on theEU migration legislation andmigration policies of Poland and Germany – the main recipient countries of migrant workers from Ukraine. The measures taken by Poland at the national level are a comprehensive, logical and consistent policy of filling the labor markets with workers which have already achieved results – 2 million Ukrainians are already working and living in Poland. Additional 1.4 million migrants are needed to ensure a stable economic growth in the future. Germany has long ago opened the door for migrant workers from all over the world, especially for the highly skilled ones, and with the adoption of the new migration law, which greatly facilitates workers' access to the German labor market, the flow of migrants will only increase. The German economy requires 400,000 migrants annually for its sustainable development, so simplified requirements are an appropriate step towards achieving this goal. Eastern Europe, and Ukraine in particular, remains and will remain the largest donor of human resources for them in the near future. ; Статтю присвячено дослідженню зовнішніх факторів української трудової міграції до країн Європейського Союзу, адже Україна тривалий час є основним донором робочої сили для європейських економік. Для того, щоб охарактеризувати сучасний стан та обсяги легальних мігрантів в ЄС, проаналізовано дані Євростату, зокрема динаміку виданих перших дозволів на перебування та громадянств країнами-членами громадянам третіх країн. Польща та Німеччина залишаються незмінними лідерами-реципієнтами трудових мігрантів, що обумовлено старінням населення, демографічною кризою та внутрішніми економічними причинами цих країн. Увагу приділено саме аналізу міграційної політики і міграційного законодавства Польщі та Німеччини – основних країн-реципієнтів трудових мігрантів з України.